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Rock that formed

  • 1 solid

    'solid
    1. adjective
    1) (not easily changing shape; not in the form of liquid or gas: Water becomes solid when it freezes; solid substances.) sólido
    2) (not hollow: The tyres of the earliest cars were solid.) macizo
    3) (firm and strongly made (and therefore sound and reliable): That's a solid piece of furniture; His argument is based on good solid facts/reasoning.) sólido
    4) (completely made of one substance: This bracelet is made of solid gold; We dug till we reached solid rock.) macizo
    5) (without breaks, gaps or flaws: The policemen formed themselves into a solid line; They are solid in their determination to strike.) de una sola pieza
    6) (having height, breadth and width: A cube is a solid figure.) sólido
    7) (consecutive; without a pause: I've been working for six solid hours.) seguido, ininterrumpido

    2. adverb
    (without interruption; continuously: She was working for six hours solid.) ininterrumpidamente

    3. noun
    1) (a substance that is solid: Butter is a solid but milk is a liquid.) sólido
    2) (a shape that has length, breadth and height.) sólido
    •
    - solidify
    - solidification
    - solidity
    - solidness
    - solidly
    - solid fuel
    solid adj
    1. sólido
    2. macizo
    tr['sɒlɪd]
    1 (not liquid or gas) sólido,-a
    2 (not hollow) macizo,-a
    3 (dense, compact) compacto,-a
    4 (unmixed) puro,-a, macizo,-a
    5 (strong) sólido,-a, fuerte
    6 (reliable) sólido,-a, de confianza, de fiar
    7 (unanimous) unánime
    8 (continuous) seguido,-a, entero,-a; (unbroken) continuo,-a
    9 SMALLTECHNICAL/SMALL (three-dimensional) tridimensional
    1 (substance) sólido
    ■ solids, liquids and gasses sólidos, líquidos y gases
    \
    SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL
    as solid as a rock firme como una roca
    to become solid solidificarse
    solid figure cuerpo sólido
    solid geometry geometría del espacio
    solid ['sɑləd] adj
    1) : macizo
    a solid rubber ball: una bola maciza de caucho
    2) cubic: tridimensional
    3) compact: compacto, denso
    4) sturdy: sólido
    5) continuous: seguido, continuo
    two solid hours: dos horas seguidas
    a solid line: una línea continua
    6) unanimous: unánime
    7) dependable: serio, fiable
    8) pure: macizo, puro
    solid gold: oro macizo
    : sólido m
    adj.
    • compacto, -a adj.
    • consistente adj.
    • denso, -a adj.
    • duro, -a adj.
    • enterizo, -a adj.
    • fijo, -a adj.
    • firme adj.
    • macizo, -a adj.
    • sólido, -a adj.
    • unánime adj.
    n.
    • macizo s.m.
    • sólido s.m.

    I 'sɑːləd, 'sɒlɪd
    adjective -er, - est
    1)
    a) ( not liquid or gaseous) sólido

    solid food — alimentos mpl sólidos

    to become solid — solidificarse*

    b) ( not hollow) <rubber ball/tire> macizo
    c) ( Math) tridimensional
    2)
    a) ( unbroken) <line/row> continuo, ininterrumpido
    b) ( continuous) (colloq) <month/year> seguido
    3)
    a) ( physically sturdy) <furniture/house> sólido; < meal> consistente
    b) (substantial, valuable) <knowledge/reason> sólido
    c) (firm, definite) < offer> en firme
    4)
    a) ( pure) <metal/wood> macizo, puro; < rock> vivo
    b) ( unanimous) <support/agreement> unánime

    II
    1)
    a) (Chem, Phys) sólido m
    b) ( Math) sólido m
    2) solids pl
    a) (in, from liquid) sólidos mpl, sustancias fpl sólidas
    b) ( food) alimentos mpl sólidos

    III
    adverb (colloq)

    to be packed/jammed solid — estar* lleno hasta el tope or hasta los topes

    ['sɒlɪd]
    1. ADJ
    1) (=not liquid) sólido

    • to become solid — solidificarse

    • solid food — alimentos mpl sólidos

    • to freeze solid — congelarse por completo

    • to be frozen solid — estar completamente congelado

    • to go solid — solidificarse

    2) (=firm) [masonry, building, understanding, basis] sólido; [argument] sólido, bien fundamentado; [relationship] sólido, firme

    • get a good solid grip on the handle — agarra bien el mango

    • solid ground — tierra f firme

    to have solid grounds for thinking that... — tener bases sólidas para creer que...

    3) (=not hollow) [rock] sólido; [wood, steel] macizo, puro; [tyre, ball, block] macizo

    • solid gold — oro m puro

    4) (=compact, dense) [layer, crowd] compacto

    • flights to Israel are booked solid — los vuelos a Israel están completamente llenos

    • a man of solid build — un hombre fornido or de constitución robusta

    • a solid mass of colour — una masa sólida de color

    • he's six feet of solid muscle — mide uno ochenta y es todo músculo

    • the streets were packed solid with people — las calles estaban abarrotadas de gente

    • the bolts have rusted solid — los tornillos están tan oxidados que es imposible girarlos

    • the traffic was solid going into town — había una caravana tremenda en dirección a la ciudad *

    5) (=continuous) [line, rain] ininterrumpido

    • we waited two solid hours — esperamos dos horas enteras

    I've been working on this for eight hours solid — he estado trabajando sobre esto durante ocho horas ininterrumpidas, llevo trabajando sobre esto ocho horas sin parar

    6) (=reliable) [person, relationship] serio; [evidence, reason, values] sólido; [information] fiable; [work] concienzudo; [citizen] responsable; [advice] útil

    • he's a good solid worker — es un trabajador responsable

    7) (=substantial)
    8) (=unanimous)
    9) (Geom) [figure] tridimensional
    2. N
    1) (Phys, Chem) sólido m
    2) (Geom) sólido m
    3) solids (=solid food) (alimentos mpl) sólidos mpl

    is he on solids yet? — ¿come ya alimentos sólidos?

    3.
    CPD

    solid angle N — (Geom) ángulo m sólido

    solid compound N — (Ling) compuesto que se escribe como una sola palabra

    solid fuel N — combustible m sólido

    solid geometry N — geometría f de los cuerpos sólidos

    * * *

    I ['sɑːləd, 'sɒlɪd]
    adjective -er, - est
    1)
    a) ( not liquid or gaseous) sólido

    solid food — alimentos mpl sólidos

    to become solid — solidificarse*

    b) ( not hollow) <rubber ball/tire> macizo
    c) ( Math) tridimensional
    2)
    a) ( unbroken) <line/row> continuo, ininterrumpido
    b) ( continuous) (colloq) <month/year> seguido
    3)
    a) ( physically sturdy) <furniture/house> sólido; < meal> consistente
    b) (substantial, valuable) <knowledge/reason> sólido
    c) (firm, definite) < offer> en firme
    4)
    a) ( pure) <metal/wood> macizo, puro; < rock> vivo
    b) ( unanimous) <support/agreement> unánime

    II
    1)
    a) (Chem, Phys) sólido m
    b) ( Math) sólido m
    2) solids pl
    a) (in, from liquid) sólidos mpl, sustancias fpl sólidas
    b) ( food) alimentos mpl sólidos

    III
    adverb (colloq)

    to be packed/jammed solid — estar* lleno hasta el tope or hasta los topes

    English-spanish dictionary > solid

  • 2 solid

    ['solid] 1. adjective
    1) (not easily changing shape; not in the form of liquid or gas: Water becomes solid when it freezes; solid substances.) fast
    2) (not hollow: The tyres of the earliest cars were solid.) massiv
    3) (firm and strongly made (and therefore sound and reliable): That's a solid piece of furniture; His argument is based on good solid facts/reasoning.) solid
    4) (completely made of one substance: This bracelet is made of solid gold; We dug till we reached solid rock.) ren; massiv
    5) (without breaks, gaps or flaws: The policemen formed themselves into a solid line; They are solid in their determination to strike.) ubrudt; fast
    6) (having height, breadth and width: A cube is a solid figure.) fast
    7) (consecutive; without a pause: I've been working for six solid hours.) uafbrudt
    2. adverb
    (without interruption; continuously: She was working for six hours solid.) uafbrudt
    3. noun
    1) (a substance that is solid: Butter is a solid but milk is a liquid.) fast stof
    2) (a shape that has length, breadth and height.) fast legeme
    •
    - solidify
    - solidification
    - solidity
    - solidness
    - solidly
    - solid fuel
    * * *
    ['solid] 1. adjective
    1) (not easily changing shape; not in the form of liquid or gas: Water becomes solid when it freezes; solid substances.) fast
    2) (not hollow: The tyres of the earliest cars were solid.) massiv
    3) (firm and strongly made (and therefore sound and reliable): That's a solid piece of furniture; His argument is based on good solid facts/reasoning.) solid
    4) (completely made of one substance: This bracelet is made of solid gold; We dug till we reached solid rock.) ren; massiv
    5) (without breaks, gaps or flaws: The policemen formed themselves into a solid line; They are solid in their determination to strike.) ubrudt; fast
    6) (having height, breadth and width: A cube is a solid figure.) fast
    7) (consecutive; without a pause: I've been working for six solid hours.) uafbrudt
    2. adverb
    (without interruption; continuously: She was working for six hours solid.) uafbrudt
    3. noun
    1) (a substance that is solid: Butter is a solid but milk is a liquid.) fast stof
    2) (a shape that has length, breadth and height.) fast legeme
    •
    - solidify
    - solidification
    - solidity
    - solidness
    - solidly
    - solid fuel

    English-Danish dictionary > solid

  • 3 solid

    1. adjective
    1) (rigid) fest

    freeze/be frozen solid — [fest] gefrieren/gefroren sein

    set solid — fest werden

    2) (of the same substance all through) massiv

    solid tyre — Vollgummireifen, der

    be packed solid — (coll.) gerammelt voll sein (ugs.)

    3) (well-built) stabil; solide gebaut [Haus, Mauer usw.]

    have a solid majority — (Polit.) eine solide Mehrheit haben

    4) (reliable) verlässlich, zuverlässig [Freund, Helfer, Verbündeter]; fest [Stütze]
    5) (complete) ganz
    6) (sound) stichhaltig [Argument, Grund]; solide [Arbeiter, Finanzlage, Firma]; solide, gediegen [Komfort, Grundlage]
    7) (Geom.): (having three dimensions) dreidimensional; räumlich
    2. noun
    1) (substance) fester Körper
    2) in pl. (food) feste Nahrung
    * * *
    ['solid] 1. adjective
    1) (not easily changing shape; not in the form of liquid or gas: Water becomes solid when it freezes; solid substances.) fest
    2) (not hollow: The tyres of the earliest cars were solid.) massiv
    3) (firm and strongly made (and therefore sound and reliable): That's a solid piece of furniture; His argument is based on good solid facts/reasoning.) handfest
    4) (completely made of one substance: This bracelet is made of solid gold; We dug till we reached solid rock.) massiv
    5) (without breaks, gaps or flaws: The policemen formed themselves into a solid line; They are solid in their determination to strike.) geschlossen
    6) (having height, breadth and width: A cube is a solid figure.) räumlich
    7) (consecutive; without a pause: I've been working for six solid hours.) geschlagen
    2. adverb
    (without interruption; continuously: She was working for six hours solid.) geschlagen
    3. noun
    1) (a substance that is solid: Butter is a solid but milk is a liquid.) der Festkörper
    2) (a shape that has length, breadth and height.) der Körper
    •
    - academic.ru/68749/solidarity">solidarity
    - solidify
    - solidification
    - solidity
    - solidness
    - solidly
    - solid fuel
    * * *
    sol·id
    [ˈsɒlɪd, AM ˈsɑ:-]
    I. adj
    1. (hard) fest; chair, door, wall solide
    \solid foundation stabile [o solide] Grundlage
    \solid punch kräftiger Schlag
    \solid rock massiver [o harter] Fels
    to be \solid as a rock person hart wie Stahl sein
    2. (not hollow) massiv
    3. (not liquid) fest
    \solid waste Festmüll m
    to be frozen \solid zugefroren sein
    4. (completely) ganz
    \solid gold Massivgold nt
    \solid silver massives [o reines] Silber
    \solid black/blue/red rein schwarz/blau/rot
    5. (substantial) verlässlich
    \solid argument stichhaltiges [o triftiges] Argument
    \solid evidence handfester Beweis
    \solid facts zuverlässige Fakten
    \solid footing stabile Basis
    \solid grounding solides [o fundiertes] Grundwissen
    \solid meal ordentliche [o richtige] Mahlzeit
    \solid reasoning fundierte Argumentation
    \solid reasons vernünftige [o stichhaltige] Gründe
    6. (concrete) plan konkret
    7. (uninterrupted) line, wall durchgehend; month, week ganz
    he slept for 12 hours \solid er schlief 12 Stunden am Stück
    it rained for a month \solid es regnete einen ganzen Monat lang ohne Unterbrechung
    a \solid line of cars eine Autoschlange
    \solid record ungebrochener Rekord
    \solid success/winning streak anhaltender Erfolg/anhaltende Glückssträhne
    \solid approval volle [o geschlossene] Zustimmung
    \solid support volle Unterstützung
    9. (dependable) person solide, zuverlässig; democrat, socialist hundertprozentig; marriage, relationship stabil
    \solid bond festes Band
    \solid conservative Erzkonservative(r) f(m)
    10. ECON (financially strong) company solide, gesund; (financially sound) investment solide, sicher
    11. (sound) solide, gut
    \solid performance gediegene Vorstellung
    12. TYPO (not spaced) text kompress
    II. adv voll
    the lecture hall was packed \solid with students der Vorlesungssaal war randvoll mit Studenten
    the hotel was booked \solid throughout January das Hotel war den ganzen Januar hindurch ausgebucht
    III. n
    1. PHYS fester Stoff, Festkörper m
    2. MATH Körper m
    3. CHEM Bodenkörper m
    4. FOOD
    ▪ \solids pl feste Nahrung kein pl
    * * *
    ['sɒlɪd]
    1. adj
    1) (= firm, not liquid) fuel, food, substance fest
    2) (= pure, not hollow, not broken) block, gold, oak, rock massiv; matter fest; crowd, traffic etc dicht; stretch, row, line ununterbrochen; queue, line of people etc geschlossen; layer dicht, dick; week ganz; (= heavily-built) person stämmig

    solid ball/tyre — Vollgummiball m/-reifen m

    the square was packed solid with cars — die Autos standen dicht an dicht auf dem Platz

    they worked for two solid days — sie haben zwei Tage ununterbrochen gearbeitet, sie haben zwei volle Tage gearbeitet

    he was 6 ft of solid muscle —

    a man of solid build — ein kräftig or massiv gebauter Mann

    a solid gold bracelet — ein Armband nt aus massivem Gold

    3) (= stable, secure) bridge, house, car stabil; furniture, piece of work, character solide; foundations, ground fest; business, firm gesund, solide, reell; (= worthy) place respektabel; (= powerful) grip kraftvoll; (= competent) performance solide

    he's a good solid worker —

    4) reason, argument handfest, stichhaltig; grounds gut, fundiert
    5) (= unanimous) vote einstimmig; support voll, geschlossen

    to be solid on sth (accept/reject) —

    we are solid behind you/that proposal — wir stehen voll und ganz hinter Ihnen/diesem Vorschlag

    Newtown is solid for Labour — Newtown wählt fast ausschließlich Labour

    6) (= valuable, substantial) education, knowledge, grounding solide; relationship stabil; meal kräftig, nahrhaft
    7)

    (= not hyphenated) to be written solid — zusammengeschrieben werden

    8) (dated US inf = excellent) prima inv (inf)
    2. adv
    1) (= completely) völlig
    2) (= without a break) pausenlos
    3. n

    solids and liquids — feste und flüssige Stoffe pl; (Sci) Festkörper und Flüssigkeiten pl

    2) (GEOMETRY) Körper m
    3) pl (= food) feste Nahrung no pl; (= sewage) Feststoffe pl
    * * *
    solid [ˈsɒlıd; US ˈsɑləd]
    A adj (adv solidly)
    1. allg fest:
    solid body Festkörper m;
    solid lubricant TECH Feststoffschmiermittel n;
    solid state PHYS fester (Aggregat)Zustand;
    solid waste Festmüll m;
    on solid ground auf festem Boden (a. fig)
    2. hart, kompakt
    3. dicht, geballt (Wolkenmassen etc)
    4. stabil, massiv (gebaut) (Haus etc)
    5. derb, fest, stabil, kräftig (Stoff etc):
    solid build kräftiger Körperbau;
    solid leather Kernleder n;
    a solid meal ein kräftiges Essen
    6. massiv (Ggs hohl), Voll…:
    solid axle Vollachse f;
    solid tire (bes Br tyre) Vollgummireifen m
    7. massiv, gediegen (Gold):
    a solid gold watch eine Uhr aus massivem Gold
    8. fig solid(e), gründlich (Ausbildung etc)
    9. geschlossen, zusammenhängend (Häuserreihe etc)
    10. umg voll, geschlagen:
    11. a) einheitlich (Farbe)
    b) einfarbig (Hintergrund)
    12. echt, wirklich (Trost etc)
    13. gewichtig, triftig (Grund etc):
    solid arguments handfeste Argumente
    14. fig solid(e), zuverlässig, gediegen (Person)
    15. WIRTSCH solid(e)
    16. MATH
    a) körperlich, räumlich
    b) Kubik…, Raum…:
    solid angle räumlicher Winkel;
    solid geometry Stereometrie f;
    a solid foot ein Kubikfuß; → measure A 1
    17. TYPO kompress, ohne Durchschuss
    18. kräftig, hart (Schlag etc)
    19. geschlossen, einmütig, solidarisch ( alle:
    go ( oder be) solid for sb, be solidly behind sb geschlossen hinter jemandem stehen;
    a solid vote eine einstimmige Wahl
    20. be solid US umg auf gutem Fuß stehen ( with sb mit jemandem)
    21. US sl prima, klasse, erstklassig
    B s
    1. MATH Körper m
    2. PHYS Festkörper m
    3. pl feste Bestandteile pl:
    4. pl feste Nahrung
    * * *
    1. adjective
    1) (rigid) fest

    freeze/be frozen solid — [fest] gefrieren/gefroren sein

    solid tyre — Vollgummireifen, der

    be packed solid — (coll.) gerammelt voll sein (ugs.)

    3) (well-built) stabil; solide gebaut [Haus, Mauer usw.]

    have a solid majority — (Polit.) eine solide Mehrheit haben

    4) (reliable) verlässlich, zuverlässig [Freund, Helfer, Verbündeter]; fest [Stütze]
    5) (complete) ganz
    6) (sound) stichhaltig [Argument, Grund]; solide [Arbeiter, Finanzlage, Firma]; solide, gediegen [Komfort, Grundlage]
    7) (Geom.): (having three dimensions) dreidimensional; räumlich
    2. noun
    1) (substance) fester Körper
    2) in pl. (food) feste Nahrung
    * * *
    adj.
    fest adj.
    massiv adj.
    robust adj.
    solid adj.
    solide adj.
    stabil adj.
    stabil gebaut adj.
    zuverlässig adj.

    English-german dictionary > solid

  • 4 cross

    kros
    I adjective
    (angry: I get very cross when I lose something.) enfadado, cabreado, enojado, malhumorado

    II
    1. plural - crosses; noun
    1) (a symbol formed by two lines placed across each other, eg + or x.) cruz
    2) (two wooden beams placed thus (+), on which Christ was nailed.) cruz
    3) (the symbol of the Christian religion.) cruz
    4) (a lasting cause of suffering etc: Your rheumatism is a cross you will have to bear.) cruz
    5) (the result of breeding two varieties of animal or plant: This dog is a cross between an alsatian and a labrador.) cruce, híbrido
    6) (a monument in the shape of a cross.) cruz
    7) (any of several types of medal given for bravery etc: the Victoria Cross.) cruz

    2. verb
    1) (to go from one side to the other: Let's cross (the street); This road crosses the swamp.) cruzar, atravesar
    2) ((negative uncross) to place (two things) across each other: He sat down and crossed his legs.) cruzar
    3) (to go or be placed across (each other): The roads cross in the centre of town.) cruzarse
    4) (to meet and pass: Our letters must have crossed in the post.) cruzarse
    5) (to put a line across: Cross your `t's'.) tachar
    6) (to make (a cheque or postal order) payable only through a bank by drawing two parallel lines across it.) cruzar
    7) (to breed (something) from two different varieties: I've crossed two varieties of rose.) cruzar
    8) (to go against the wishes of: If you cross me, you'll regret it!) contrariar
    •
    - crossing
    - crossbow
    - cross-breed
    - cross-bred
    - crosscheck
    3. noun
    (the act of crosschecking.) verificación (comparando con otras fuentes)
    - cross-country skiing
    - cross-examine
    - cross-examination
    - cross-eyed
    - cross-fire
    - at cross-purposes
    - cross-refer
    - cross-reference
    - crossroads
    - cross-section
    - crossword puzzle
    - crossword
    - cross one's fingers
    - cross out
    cross1 adj enfadado
    cross2 n cruz
    cross3 vb cruzar / atravesar

    cross /kros/ sustantivo masculino (— en motociclismo) motocross (— en moto) motocross race ' cross' also found in these entries: Spanish: adelantar - anticipar - atravesar - bizca - bizco - bizquear - calentar - calvario - campo - cantero - cariño - corte - cruce - cruzar - crucero - cruz - cruzada - cruzado - cruzarse - cuestación - ser - esquí - fondo - formón - franquear - magín - molesta - molesto - mosqueada - mosqueado - ojo - pasar - perfil - persignarse - por - precaución - rebote - reventar - salvar - santiguarse - sección - surcar - tachar - transversal - traspasar - vía crucis - aspa - bies - cabeza - centrar English: bridge - cross - cross off - cross out - cross-country - cross-examine - cross-eyed - cross-legged - cross-reference - cross-section - cross-stitch - double-cross - form - hold on - path - picket-line - see - Southern Cross - square - unsafe - against - bar - cut - double - finger - get - pass - red - shape - span - squint - two
    tr[krɒs]
    2 SMALLBIOLOGY/SMALL (hybrid) cruce nombre masculino
    4 SMALLSPORT/SMALL (in football) pase nombre masculino cruzado
    5 SMALLSEWING/SMALL sesgo
    1 (street, river, bridge, etc) cruzar, atravesar; (arms, legs) cruzar
    2 (cheque) cruzar
    3 SMALLBIOLOGY/SMALL (animal, plant) cruzar
    4 (thwart - person) contrariar; (- plans, wishes) frustrar
    5 SMALLSPORT/SMALL (pass - ball) cruzar
    1 (walk across) cruzar ( over, -); (intersect, pass each another) cruzarse
    1 (angry) enojado,-a, enfadado,-a, furioso,-a
    2 (transverse) cruzado,-a, transversal; (winds) lateral
    \
    SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL
    fingers crossed con los dedos cruzados
    to cross one's mind ocurrírsele a uno
    ■ it has crossed my mind that... se me ha ocurrido que...
    to cross oneself santiguarse, persignarse, hacer la señal de la cruz
    to cross swords with somebody pelearse con alguien, reñir con alguien
    to get cross about something enfadarse por algo
    to have/get a crossed line (on phone) haberse cruzado las líneas
    to have/get one's lines/wires crossed no hablar de lo mismo
    cross ['krɔs] vt
    1) : cruzar, atravesar
    to cross the street: cruzar la calle
    several canals cross the city: varios canales atraviesan la ciudad
    2) cancel: tachar, cancelar
    he crossed his name off the list: tachó su nombre de la planilla
    3) interbreed: cruzar (en genética)
    cross adj
    1) : que atraviesa
    cross ventilation: ventilación que atraviesa un cuarto
    2) contrary: contrario, opuesto
    cross purposes: objetivos opuestos
    3) angry: enojado, de mal humor
    1) : cruz f
    the sign of the cross: la señal de la cruz
    2) : cruza f (en biología)
    adj.
    • arisco, -a adj.
    • crepo, -a adj.
    • cruzado, -a adj.
    • malhumorado, -a adj.
    • opuesto, -a adj.
    • transversal adj.
    • travesero, -a adj.
    • travieso, -a adj.
    n.
    (§ pl.: crosses) = aspa s.f.
    • calvario s.m.
    • cruce s.m.
    • cruz s.f.
    v.
    • contrariar v.
    • cruzar v.
    • franquear v.
    • pasar v.
    • recorrer v.

    I krɔːs, krɒs
    1)
    a) ( Relig) cruz f

    to make the sign of the cross — hacer* la señal de la cruz; ( cross oneself) persignarse, santiguarse*, hacerse* la señal de la cruz

    we all have our cross to bear — todos cargamos con or llevamos nuestra cruz

    b) (mark, sign) cruz f
    2) ( hybrid) ( Biol) cruce m, cruza f (AmL)
    3) ( Sport)
    a) ( in soccer) pase m cruzado
    b) ( in boxing) cruzado m, cross m

    II
    1.
    1) ( go across) \<\<road\>\> cruzar*; \<\<river/desert\>\> cruzar*, atravesar*

    it crossed my mind that... — se me ocurrió que..., me pasó por la cabeza que...

    2) \<\<arms/legs\>\> cruzar*

    we have a crossed line — ( Telec) se han cruzado las líneas, está ligado (Arg, Ven)

    to have one's lines o wires crossed — (colloq)

    to cross the t — ponerle* el palito a la t

    4) (BrE Fin) \<\<cheque\>\> cruzar*
    5) \<\<plants/breeds\>\> cruzar*

    to cross something WITH something — cruzar* algo con algo

    6) ( go against) \<\<person\>\> contrariar*; \<\<plans\>\> frustrar
    7) ( Sport) \<\<ball\>\> cruzar*, tirar cruzado

    2.
    vi
    a) ( walk across road) cruzar*

    to cross over (the road) — cruzar* (la calle)

    b) \<\<paths/roads\>\> cruzarse*; \<\<letters\>\> cruzarse*

    3.
    v refl

    to cross oneself — persignarse, santiguarse*, hacerse* la señal de la cruz

    Phrasal Verbs:

    III
    adjective -er, -est (esp BrE) enojado (esp AmL), enfadado (esp Esp)

    to get cross — enojarse (esp AmL), enfadarse (esp Esp)

    to be cross ABOUT something — estar* enojado or (esp Esp) enfadado por algo

    [krɒs]
    1. N
    1) (=sign, decoration) cruz f

    the Cross — (Rel) la Cruz

    to bear a/one's cross —

    2) (Bio, Zool) cruce m, cruzamiento m ; (fig) mezcla f

    it's a cross between a horse and a donkey — es un cruce or cruzamiento de caballo y burro

    the game is a cross between squash and tennis — el juego es una mezcla de squash y tenis, el juego está a medio camino entre el squash y el tenis

    3) (=bias)
    4) (Ftbl) centro m, pase m cruzado
    2. ADJ
    1) (=angry) enfadado, enojado (LAm); (=vexed) molesto

    to be/get cross with sb (about sth) — enfadarse or (LAm) enojarse con algn (por algo)

    don't be/get cross with me — no te enfades or (LAm) enojes conmigo

    they haven't had a cross word in ten years — no han cruzado palabra en diez años, llevan diez años sin cruzar palabra

    2) (=diagonal etc) transversal, oblicuo
    3. VT
    1) (=go across) [person] [+ road, room] cruzar; [+ bridge] cruzar, pasar; [+ ditch] cruzar, salvar; [+ river, sea, desert] cruzar, atravesar; [+ threshold] cruzar, traspasar

    it crossed my mind that... — se me ocurrió que...

    a smile crossed her lips — una sonrisa se dibujó en sus labios, esbozó una sonrisa

    we'll cross that bridge when we come to it — (fig) no anticipemos problemas

    2) (=draw line across) [+ cheque] cruzar

    crossed cheque — (Brit) cheque m cruzado

    to cross o.s. — santiguarse

    cross my heart! — (in promise) ¡te lo juro!

    to cross a "t" — poner el rabito a la "t"

    3) (=place crosswise) [+ arms, legs] cruzar

    keep your fingers crossed for me — ¡deséame suerte!

    I got a crossed line — (Telec) había (un) cruce de líneas

    they got their lines crossed — (fig) hubo un malentendido entre ellos

    - cross sb's palm with silver
    - cross swords with sb
    wire 1., 1)
    4) (=thwart) [+ person] contrariar, ir contra; [+ plan] desbaratar
    5) [+ animals, plants] cruzar
    4. VI
    1) (=go to other side) cruzar, ir al otro lado

    he crossed from one side of the room to the other to speak to me — cruzó or atravesó la sala para hablar conmigo, fue hasta el otro lado de la sala para hablar conmigo

    to cross from Newhaven to Dieppe — pasar or cruzar de Newhaven a Dieppe

    2) (=intersect) [roads etc] cruzarse; path 4), a)
    3) (=meet and pass) [letters, people] cruzarse
    * * *

    I [krɔːs, krɒs]
    1)
    a) ( Relig) cruz f

    to make the sign of the cross — hacer* la señal de la cruz; ( cross oneself) persignarse, santiguarse*, hacerse* la señal de la cruz

    we all have our cross to bear — todos cargamos con or llevamos nuestra cruz

    b) (mark, sign) cruz f
    2) ( hybrid) ( Biol) cruce m, cruza f (AmL)
    3) ( Sport)
    a) ( in soccer) pase m cruzado
    b) ( in boxing) cruzado m, cross m

    II
    1.
    1) ( go across) \<\<road\>\> cruzar*; \<\<river/desert\>\> cruzar*, atravesar*

    it crossed my mind that... — se me ocurrió que..., me pasó por la cabeza que...

    2) \<\<arms/legs\>\> cruzar*

    we have a crossed line — ( Telec) se han cruzado las líneas, está ligado (Arg, Ven)

    to have one's lines o wires crossed — (colloq)

    to cross the t — ponerle* el palito a la t

    4) (BrE Fin) \<\<cheque\>\> cruzar*
    5) \<\<plants/breeds\>\> cruzar*

    to cross something WITH something — cruzar* algo con algo

    6) ( go against) \<\<person\>\> contrariar*; \<\<plans\>\> frustrar
    7) ( Sport) \<\<ball\>\> cruzar*, tirar cruzado

    2.
    vi
    a) ( walk across road) cruzar*

    to cross over (the road) — cruzar* (la calle)

    b) \<\<paths/roads\>\> cruzarse*; \<\<letters\>\> cruzarse*

    3.
    v refl

    to cross oneself — persignarse, santiguarse*, hacerse* la señal de la cruz

    Phrasal Verbs:

    III
    adjective -er, -est (esp BrE) enojado (esp AmL), enfadado (esp Esp)

    to get cross — enojarse (esp AmL), enfadarse (esp Esp)

    to be cross ABOUT something — estar* enojado or (esp Esp) enfadado por algo

    English-spanish dictionary > cross

  • 5 solid

    ['sɒlɪd] 1.
    2) (of one substance) [gold, steel] massiccio
    3) (dense) [crowd, earth] compatto
    4) (unbroken) [line, expanse] continuo

    five solid days five days solid cinque interi giorni; for three solid hours — per tre ore filate

    6) (strong) [structure, basis, argument] solido; [ building] massiccio

    to be on solid ground — fig. avere argomenti concreti

    7) (reliable) [ information] fondato; [ advice] valido; [ investment] sicuro; [ worker] affidabile, serio
    8) (firm) [ grip] fermo
    9) (respectable) [ citizen] modello
    2.
    nome chim. mat. solido m.
    3.
    nome plurale solids (food) cibi m. solidi
    4.
    avverbio [ freeze] completamente; fig. [ vote] in massa
    * * *
    ['solid] 1. adjective
    1) (not easily changing shape; not in the form of liquid or gas: Water becomes solid when it freezes; solid substances.) solido
    2) (not hollow: The tyres of the earliest cars were solid.) pieno
    3) (firm and strongly made (and therefore sound and reliable): That's a solid piece of furniture; His argument is based on good solid facts/reasoning.) solido
    4) (completely made of one substance: This bracelet is made of solid gold; We dug till we reached solid rock.) solido, massiccio
    5) (without breaks, gaps or flaws: The policemen formed themselves into a solid line; They are solid in their determination to strike.) uniforme, unito, unanime
    6) (having height, breadth and width: A cube is a solid figure.) solido
    7) (consecutive; without a pause: I've been working for six solid hours.) ininterrotto, di fila
    2. adverb
    (without interruption; continuously: She was working for six hours solid.) ininterrottamente
    3. noun
    1) (a substance that is solid: Butter is a solid but milk is a liquid.) sostanza solida
    2) (a shape that has length, breadth and height.) solido
    •
    - solidify
    - solidification
    - solidity
    - solidness
    - solidly
    - solid fuel
    * * *
    ['sɒlɪd] 1.
    2) (of one substance) [gold, steel] massiccio
    3) (dense) [crowd, earth] compatto
    4) (unbroken) [line, expanse] continuo

    five solid days five days solid cinque interi giorni; for three solid hours — per tre ore filate

    6) (strong) [structure, basis, argument] solido; [ building] massiccio

    to be on solid ground — fig. avere argomenti concreti

    7) (reliable) [ information] fondato; [ advice] valido; [ investment] sicuro; [ worker] affidabile, serio
    8) (firm) [ grip] fermo
    9) (respectable) [ citizen] modello
    2.
    nome chim. mat. solido m.
    3.
    nome plurale solids (food) cibi m. solidi
    4.
    avverbio [ freeze] completamente; fig. [ vote] in massa

    English-Italian dictionary > solid

  • 6 Singer, Isaac Merritt

    [br]
    b. 27 October 1811 Pittstown, New York, USA
    d. 23 July 1875 Torquay, Devonshire, England
    [br]
    American inventor of a sewing machine, and pioneer of mass production.
    [br]
    The son of a millwright, Singer was employed as an unskilled labourer at the age of 12, but later gained wide experience as a travelling machinist. He also found employment as an actor. On 16 May 1839, while living at Lockport, Illinois, he obtained his first patent for a rock-drilling machine, but he soon squandered the money he made. Then in 1849, while at Pittsburgh, he secured a patent for a wood-and metal-carving machine that he had begun five years previously; however, a boiler explosion in the factory destroyed his machine and left him penniless.
    Near the end of 1850 Singer was engaged to redesign the Lerow \& Blodgett sewing machine at the Boston shop of Orson C.Phelps, where the machine was being repaired. He built an improved version in eleven days that was sufficiently different for him to patent on 12 August 1851. He formed a partnership with Phelps and G.B. Zieber and they began to market the invention. Singer soon purchased Phelps's interest, although Phelps continued to manufacture the machines. Then Edward Clark acquired a one-third interest and with Singer bought out Zieber. These two, with dark's flair for promotion and marketing, began to create a company which eventually would become the largest manufacturer of sewing machines exported worldwide, with subsidiary factories in England.
    However, first Singer had to defend his patent, which was challenged by an earlier Boston inventor, Elias Howe. Although after a long lawsuit Singer had to pay royalties, it was the Singer machine which eventually captured the market because it could do continuous stitching. In 1856 the Great Sewing Machine Combination, the first important pooling arrangement in American history, was formed to share the various patents so that machines could be built without infringements and manufacture could be expanded without fear of litigation. Singer contributed his monopoly on the needle-bar cam with his 1851 patent. He secured twenty additional patents, so that his original straight-needle vertical design for lock-stitching eventually included such refinements as a continuous wheel-feed, yielding presser-foot, and improved cam for moving the needle-bar. A new model, introduced in 1856, was the first to be intended solely for use in the home.
    Initially Phelps made all the machines for Singer. Then a works was established in New York where the parts were assembled by skilled workers through filing and fitting. Each machine was therefore a "one-off" but Singer machines were always advertised as the best on the market and sold at correspondingly high prices. Gradually, more specialized machine tools were acquired, but it was not until long after Singer had retired to Europe in 1863 that Clark made the change to mass production. Sales of machines numbered 810 in 1853 and 21,000 ten years later.
    [br]
    Bibliography
    12 August 1851, US patent no. 8,294 (sewing machine)
    Further Reading
    Biographies and obituaries have appeared in Appleton's Cyclopedia of America, Vol. V; Dictionary of American Biography, Vol XVII; New York Times 25 July 1875; Scientific American (1875) 33; and National Cyclopaedia of American Biography.
    D.A.Hounshell, 1984, From the American System to Mass Production 1800–1932. The
    Development of Manufacturing Technology in the United States, Baltimore (provides a thorough account of the development of the Singer sewing machine, the competition it faced from other manufacturers and production methods).
    RLH

    Biographical history of technology > Singer, Isaac Merritt

  • 7 solid

    'solid 1. adjective
    1) (not easily changing shape; not in the form of liquid or gas: Water becomes solid when it freezes; solid substances.) fast, i fast form
    2) (not hollow: The tyres of the earliest cars were solid.) massiv
    3) (firm and strongly made (and therefore sound and reliable): That's a solid piece of furniture; His argument is based on good solid facts/reasoning.) solid
    4) (completely made of one substance: This bracelet is made of solid gold; We dug till we reached solid rock.) massiv, gedigen
    5) (without breaks, gaps or flaws: The policemen formed themselves into a solid line; They are solid in their determination to strike.) ubrutt, sammenhengende, fast
    6) (having height, breadth and width: A cube is a solid figure.) tett, kompakt
    7) (consecutive; without a pause: I've been working for six solid hours.) stive, i hele
    2. adverb
    (without interruption; continuously: She was working for six hours solid.) sammenhengende, ubrutt
    3. noun
    1) (a substance that is solid: Butter is a solid but milk is a liquid.) fast stoff
    2) (a shape that has length, breadth and height.) fast legeme
    •
    - solidify
    - solidification
    - solidity
    - solidness
    - solidly
    - solid fuel
    fast
    --------
    kraftig
    --------
    massiv
    --------
    sterk
    --------
    stø
    I
    subst. \/ˈsɒlɪd\/
    1) ( fysikk) fast legeme\/stoff
    2) ( geometri) solid\/tredimensjonal figur, legeme
    3) massiv mur
    solids faste emner\/bestanddeler, tørrstoff fast føde
    II
    adj. \/ˈsɒlɪd\/
    1) fast, i fast form (også overført)
    2) massiv, solid, gedigen
    3) bastant, stødig, sterk, kraftig, skikkelig
    4) velfundert, pålitelig, holdbar, sikker, solid, solvent (om firma)
    5) enstemmig, enig
    6) (også om tid, dager e.l.) ubrutt, sammenhengende, hel, kontinuerlig
    • they were at it for two solid hours \/ two hours solid
    de holdt på med det i to timer i strekk \/ i to hele timer
    7) kubikk- (foreldet), rom-, tredimensjonal
    8) alvorlig, grundig, ordentlig
    9) tett, kompakt, massiv, solid
    10) (amer., slang) strålende, glimrende, topp-
    11) fullkommen, fullstendig
    12) ( om farger) ensfarget
    be solid for \/ in favour of støtte enstemmig\/helt og fullt, være enig om
    booked solid fullbooket
    do a solid piece of work gjøre et realt stykke arbeid
    frozen solid gjennomfrosset, bunnfrosset
    get\/be (in) solid with komme\/stå på god fot med
    packed solid fullstappet
    rock solid fjellstø, bunnsolid
    solid arguments vektige argumenter, tungtveiende argumenter
    solid bodies faste legemer
    solid chocolate ren sjokolade
    solid compound ( språkvitenskap) sammensatt ord som skrives i ett
    solid content(s) kubikkinnhold, fastmasse
    solid core of something den faste kjernen i noe
    solid flesh rent kjøtt
    solid fog tykk tåke
    solid food fast føde
    solid geometry romgeometri, stereometri
    solid gold rent gull
    solid ground fast grunn
    solid line heltrukket linje
    solid majority klart flertall
    solid matter tørrstoff ( typografi) kompress (sats)
    solid measure kubikkmål
    a solid problem et alvorlig problem
    the Solid South ( i USA) det trofaste sør (som tradisjonelt støtter det demokratiske partiet)
    solid state fast tilstand
    a solid suit ( kortspill) en god hånd
    a solid tyre slangeløst dekk
    III
    adv. \/ˈsɒlɪd\/
    enstemmig
    vote solid eller go solid stemme enstemmig

    English-Norwegian dictionary > solid

  • 8 Edison, Thomas Alva

    [br]
    b. 11 February 1847 Milan, Ohio, USA
    d. 18 October 1931 Glenmont
    [br]
    American inventor and pioneer electrical developer.
    [br]
    He was the son of Samuel Edison, who was in the timber business. His schooling was delayed due to scarlet fever until 1855, when he was 8½ years old, but he was an avid reader. By the age of 14 he had a job as a newsboy on the railway from Port Huron to Detroit, a distance of sixty-three miles (101 km). He worked a fourteen-hour day with a stopover of five hours, which he spent in the Detroit Free Library. He also sold sweets on the train and, later, fruit and vegetables, and was soon making a profit of $20 a week. He then started two stores in Port Huron and used a spare freight car as a laboratory. He added a hand-printing press to produce 400 copies weekly of The Grand Trunk Herald, most of which he compiled and edited himself. He set himself to learn telegraphy from the station agent at Mount Clements, whose son he had saved from being run over by a freight car.
    At the age of 16 he became a telegraphist at Port Huron. In 1863 he became railway telegraphist at the busy Stratford Junction of the Grand Trunk Railroad, arranging a clock with a notched wheel to give the hourly signal which was to prove that he was awake and at his post! He left hurriedly after failing to hold a train which was nearly involved in a head-on collision. He usually worked the night shift, allowing himself time for experiments during the day. His first invention was an arrangement of two Morse registers so that a high-speed input could be decoded at a slower speed. Moving from place to place he held many positions as a telegraphist. In Boston he invented an automatic vote recorder for Congress and patented it, but the idea was rejected. This was the first of a total of 1180 patents that he was to take out during his lifetime. After six years he resigned from the Western Union Company to devote all his time to invention, his next idea being an improved ticker-tape machine for stockbrokers. He developed a duplex telegraphy system, but this was turned down by the Western Union Company. He then moved to New York.
    Edison found accommodation in the battery room of Law's Gold Reporting Company, sleeping in the cellar, and there his repair of a broken transmitter marked him as someone of special talents. His superior soon resigned, and he was promoted with a salary of $300 a month. Western Union paid him $40,000 for the sole rights on future improvements on the duplex telegraph, and he moved to Ward Street, Newark, New Jersey, where he employed a gathering of specialist engineers. Within a year, he married one of his employees, Mary Stilwell, when she was only 16: a daughter, Marion, was born in 1872, and two sons, Thomas and William, in 1876 and 1879, respectively.
    He continued to work on the automatic telegraph, a device to send out messages faster than they could be tapped out by hand: that is, over fifty words per minute or so. An earlier machine by Alexander Bain worked at up to 400 words per minute, but was not good over long distances. Edison agreed to work on improving this feature of Bain's machine for the Automatic Telegraph Company (ATC) for $40,000. He improved it to a working speed of 500 words per minute and ran a test between Washington and New York. Hoping to sell their equipment to the Post Office in Britain, ATC sent Edison to England in 1873 to negotiate. A 500-word message was to be sent from Liverpool to London every half-hour for six hours, followed by tests on 2,200 miles (3,540 km) of cable at Greenwich. Only confused results were obtained due to induction in the cable, which lay coiled in a water tank. Edison returned to New York, where he worked on his quadruplex telegraph system, tests of which proved a success between New York and Albany in December 1874. Unfortunately, simultaneous negotiation with Western Union and ATC resulted in a lawsuit.
    Alexander Graham Bell was granted a patent for a telephone in March 1876 while Edison was still working on the same idea. His improvements allowed the device to operate over a distance of hundreds of miles instead of only a few miles. Tests were carried out over the 106 miles (170 km) between New York and Philadelphia. Edison applied for a patent on the carbon-button transmitter in April 1877, Western Union agreeing to pay him $6,000 a year for the seventeen-year duration of the patent. In these years he was also working on the development of the electric lamp and on a duplicating machine which would make up to 3,000 copies from a stencil. In 1876–7 he moved from Newark to Menlo Park, twenty-four miles (39 km) from New York on the Pennsylvania Railway, near Elizabeth. He had bought a house there around which he built the premises that would become his "inventions factory". It was there that he began the use of his 200- page pocket notebooks, each of which lasted him about two weeks, so prolific were his ideas. When he died he left 3,400 of them filled with notes and sketches.
    Late in 1877 he applied for a patent for a phonograph which was granted on 19 February 1878, and by the end of the year he had formed a company to manufacture this totally new product. At the time, Edison saw the device primarily as a business aid rather than for entertainment, rather as a dictating machine. In August 1878 he was granted a British patent. In July 1878 he tried to measure the heat from the solar corona at a solar eclipse viewed from Rawlins, Wyoming, but his "tasimeter" was too sensitive.
    Probably his greatest achievement was "The Subdivision of the Electric Light" or the "glow bulb". He tried many materials for the filament before settling on carbon. He gave a demonstration of electric light by lighting up Menlo Park and inviting the public. Edison was, of course, faced with the problem of inventing and producing all the ancillaries which go to make up the electrical system of generation and distribution-meters, fuses, insulation, switches, cabling—even generators had to be designed and built; everything was new. He started a number of manufacturing companies to produce the various components needed.
    In 1881 he built the world's largest generator, which weighed 27 tons, to light 1,200 lamps at the Paris Exhibition. It was later moved to England to be used in the world's first central power station with steam engine drive at Holborn Viaduct, London. In September 1882 he started up his Pearl Street Generating Station in New York, which led to a worldwide increase in the application of electric power, particularly for lighting. At the same time as these developments, he built a 1,300yd (1,190m) electric railway at Menlo Park.
    On 9 August 1884 his wife died of typhoid. Using his telegraphic skills, he proposed to 19-year-old Mina Miller in Morse code while in the company of others on a train. He married her in February 1885 before buying a new house and estate at West Orange, New Jersey, building a new laboratory not far away in the Orange Valley.
    Edison used direct current which was limited to around 250 volts. Alternating current was largely developed by George Westinghouse and Nicola Tesla, using transformers to step up the current to a higher voltage for long-distance transmission. The use of AC gradually overtook the Edison DC system.
    In autumn 1888 he patented a form of cinephotography, the kinetoscope, obtaining film-stock from George Eastman. In 1893 he set up the first film studio, which was pivoted so as to catch the sun, with a hinged roof which could be raised. In 1894 kinetoscope parlours with "peep shows" were starting up in cities all over America. Competition came from the Latham Brothers with a screen-projection machine, which Edison answered with his "Vitascope", shown in New York in 1896. This showed pictures with accompanying sound, but there was some difficulty with synchronization. Edison also experimented with captions at this early date.
    In 1880 he filed a patent for a magnetic ore separator, the first of nearly sixty. He bought up deposits of low-grade iron ore which had been developed in the north of New Jersey. The process was a commercial success until the discovery of iron-rich ore in Minnesota rendered it uneconomic and uncompetitive. In 1898 cement rock was discovered in New Village, west of West Orange. Edison bought the land and started cement manufacture, using kilns twice the normal length and using half as much fuel to heat them as the normal type of kiln. In 1893 he met Henry Ford, who was building his second car, at an Edison convention. This started him on the development of a battery for an electric car on which he made over 9,000 experiments. In 1903 he sold his patent for wireless telegraphy "for a song" to Guglielmo Marconi.
    In 1910 Edison designed a prefabricated concrete house. In December 1914 fire destroyed three-quarters of the West Orange plant, but it was at once rebuilt, and with the threat of war Edison started to set up his own plants for making all the chemicals that he had previously been buying from Europe, such as carbolic acid, phenol, benzol, aniline dyes, etc. He was appointed President of the Navy Consulting Board, for whom, he said, he made some forty-five inventions, "but they were pigeonholed, every one of them". Thus did Edison find that the Navy did not take kindly to civilian interference.
    In 1927 he started the Edison Botanic Research Company, founded with similar investment from Ford and Firestone with the object of finding a substitute for overseas-produced rubber. In the first year he tested no fewer than 3,327 possible plants, in the second year, over 1,400, eventually developing a variety of Golden Rod which grew to 14 ft (4.3 m) in height. However, all this effort and money was wasted, due to the discovery of synthetic rubber.
    In October 1929 he was present at Henry Ford's opening of his Dearborn Museum to celebrate the fiftieth anniversary of the incandescent lamp, including a replica of the Menlo Park laboratory. He was awarded the Congressional Gold Medal and was elected to the American Academy of Sciences. He died in 1931 at his home, Glenmont; throughout the USA, lights were dimmed temporarily on the day of his funeral.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    Member of the American Academy of Sciences. Congressional Gold Medal.
    Further Reading
    M.Josephson, 1951, Edison, Eyre \& Spottiswode.
    R.W.Clark, 1977, Edison, the Man who Made the Future, Macdonald \& Jane.
    IMcN

    Biographical history of technology > Edison, Thomas Alva

  • 9 Brindley, James

    SUBJECT AREA: Canals
    [br]
    b. 1716 Tunstead, Derbyshire, England
    d. 27 September 1772 Turnhurst, Staffordshire, England
    [br]
    English canal engineer.
    [br]
    Born in a remote area and with no material advantages, Brindley followed casual rural labouring occupations until 1733, when he became apprenticed to Abraham Bennett of Macclesfield, a wheelwright and millwright. Though lacking basic education in reading and writing, he demonstrated his ability, partly through his photographic memory, to solve practical problems. This established his reputation, and after Bennett's death in 1742 he set up his own business at Leek as a millwright. His skill led to an invitation to solve the problem of mine drainage at Wet Earth Colliery, Clifton, near Manchester. He tunnelled 600 ft (183 m) through rock to provide a leat for driving a water-powered pump.
    Following work done on a pump on Earl Gower's estate at Trentham, Brindley's name was suggested as the engineer for the proposed canal for which the Duke of Bridge water (Francis Egerton) had obtained an Act in 1759. The Earl and the Duke were brothers-in-law, and the agents for the two estates were, in turn, the Gilbert brothers. The canal, later known as the Bridgewater Canal, was to be constructed to carry coal from the Duke's mines at Worsley into Manchester. Brindley advised on the details of its construction and recommended that it be carried across the river Irwell at Barton by means of an aqueduct. His proposals were accepted, and under his supervision the canal was constructed on a single level and opened in 1761. Brindley had also surveyed for Earl Gower a canal from the Potteries to Liverpool to carry pottery for export, and the signal success of the Bridgewater Canal ensured that the Trent and Mersey Canal would also be built. These undertakings were the start of Brindley's career as a canal engineer, and it was largely from his concepts that the canal system of the Midlands developed, following the natural contours rather than making cuttings and constructing large embankments. His canals are thus winding navigations unlike the later straight waterways, which were much easier to traverse. He also adopted the 7 ft (2.13 m) wide lock as a ruling dimension for all engineering features. For cheapness, he formed his canal tunnels without a towpath, which led to the notorious practice of legging the boats through the tunnels.
    Brindley surveyed a large number of projects and such was his reputation that virtually every proposal was submitted to him for his opinion. Included among these projects were the Staffordshire and Worcestershire, the Rochdale, the Birmingham network, the Droitwich, the Coventry and the Oxford canals. Although he was nominally in charge of each contract, much of the work was carried out by his assistants while he rushed from one undertaking to another to ensure that his orders were being carried out. He was nearly 50 when he married Anne Henshall, whose brother was also a canal engineer. His fees and salaries had made him very wealthy. He died in 1772 from a chill sustained when carrying out a survey of the Caldon Canal.
    [br]
    Further Reading
    A.G.Banks and R.B.Schofield, 1968, Brindley at Wet Earth Colliery: An Engineering Study, Newton Abbot: David \& Charles.
    S.E.Buckley, 1948, James Brindley, London: Harrap.
    JHB

    Biographical history of technology > Brindley, James

  • 10 solid

    ['solid] 1. adjective
    1) (not easily changing shape; not in the form of liquid or gas: Water becomes solid when it freezes; solid substances.) fastur
    2) (not hollow: The tyres of the earliest cars were solid.) gegnheill
    3) (firm and strongly made (and therefore sound and reliable): That's a solid piece of furniture; His argument is based on good solid facts/reasoning.) sterkbyggður, traustur
    4) (completely made of one substance: This bracelet is made of solid gold; We dug till we reached solid rock.) óblandaður, heill í gegn
    5) (without breaks, gaps or flaws: The policemen formed themselves into a solid line; They are solid in their determination to strike.) óslitinn, heill
    6) (having height, breadth and width: A cube is a solid figure.) rúm-, þrívíður
    7) (consecutive; without a pause: I've been working for six solid hours.) samfelldur
    2. adverb
    (without interruption; continuously: She was working for six hours solid.) samfellt
    3. noun
    1) (a substance that is solid: Butter is a solid but milk is a liquid.) fast efni, sem er í föstu formi
    2) (a shape that has length, breadth and height.) rúmmynd, þrívíður hlutur
    •
    - solidify
    - solidification
    - solidity
    - solidness
    - solidly
    - solid fuel

    English-Icelandic dictionary > solid

  • 11 solid

    téridom, őszinte, háromdimenziójú, szolid, tömör
    * * *
    ['solid] 1. adjective
    1) (not easily changing shape; not in the form of liquid or gas: Water becomes solid when it freezes; solid substances.) szilárd
    2) (not hollow: The tyres of the earliest cars were solid.) tömör
    3) (firm and strongly made (and therefore sound and reliable): That's a solid piece of furniture; His argument is based on good solid facts/reasoning.) biztos
    4) (completely made of one substance: This bracelet is made of solid gold; We dug till we reached solid rock.) tömör
    5) (without breaks, gaps or flaws: The policemen formed themselves into a solid line; They are solid in their determination to strike.) szoros; szilárd
    6) (having height, breadth and width: A cube is a solid figure.) háromdimenziójú
    7) (consecutive; without a pause: I've been working for six solid hours.) kerek (hat órát)
    2. adverb
    (without interruption; continuously: She was working for six hours solid.) egyhuzamban
    3. noun
    1) (a substance that is solid: Butter is a solid but milk is a liquid.) szilárd test
    2) (a shape that has length, breadth and height.) téridom, test (háromdimenziójú)
    •
    - solidify
    - solidification
    - solidity
    - solidness
    - solidly
    - solid fuel

    English-Hungarian dictionary > solid

  • 12 solid

    ['solid] 1. adjective
    1) (not easily changing shape; not in the form of liquid or gas: Water becomes solid when it freezes; solid substances.) sólido
    2) (not hollow: The tyres of the earliest cars were solid.) sólido
    3) (firm and strongly made (and therefore sound and reliable): That's a solid piece of furniture; His argument is based on good solid facts/reasoning.) sólido
    4) (completely made of one substance: This bracelet is made of solid gold; We dug till we reached solid rock.) sólido
    5) (without breaks, gaps or flaws: The policemen formed themselves into a solid line; They are solid in their determination to strike.) sólido
    6) (having height, breadth and width: A cube is a solid figure.) sólido
    7) (consecutive; without a pause: I've been working for six solid hours.) ininterrupto
    2. adverb
    (without interruption; continuously: She was working for six hours solid.) solidamente
    3. noun
    1) (a substance that is solid: Butter is a solid but milk is a liquid.) sólido
    2) (a shape that has length, breadth and height.) sólido
    •
    - solidify
    - solidification
    - solidity
    - solidness
    - solidly
    - solid fuel
    * * *
    sol.id
    [s'ɔlid] n 1 corpo sólido. 2 Geom corpo que tem largura, comprimento e altura. • adj 1 sólido. 2 maciço, compacto, íntegro. 3 que tem três dimensões, cúbico. 4 denso, pesado, grosso. 5 duro, firme. 6 igual, uniforme. 7 unânime. 8 real, sério. 9 genuíno, verdadeiro. 10 incontestável, de confiança. 11 sensato, inteligente, criterioso. 12 com fundamento financeiro, sólido (no sentido comercial). 13 inteiro, íntegro. 14 contínuo. 15 fechado. 16 sem hífen. 17 coll em bases firmes, amigável. 18 sl excelente, formidável. 19 forte, durável. to be of solid sugar ser totalmente de açúcar. to go solid against something recusar alguma coisa como grupo. they went solid against the new law / votaram unanimente contra a nova lei.

    English-Portuguese dictionary > solid

  • 13 solid

    adj. katı, sert, sağlam, metin, som, masif, güvenilir, tek parça, yekpare, birbirine bağlı, birlik olan, sağlam karakterli, tam, eksiksiz, bütün, kübik, cisimsel, mükemmel, türdeş, aynı türden, koyu
    ————————
    n. katı cisim, üç boyutlu cisim, üç boyutluluk
    * * *
    1. katı 2. solid
    * * *
    ['solid] 1. adjective
    1) (not easily changing shape; not in the form of liquid or gas: Water becomes solid when it freezes; solid substances.) katı
    2) (not hollow: The tyres of the earliest cars were solid.) içi dolu (olan)
    3) (firm and strongly made (and therefore sound and reliable): That's a solid piece of furniture; His argument is based on good solid facts/reasoning.) sağlam
    4) (completely made of one substance: This bracelet is made of solid gold; We dug till we reached solid rock.) yekpare, som
    5) (without breaks, gaps or flaws: The policemen formed themselves into a solid line; They are solid in their determination to strike.) tam, aralıksız
    6) (having height, breadth and width: A cube is a solid figure.) üç boyutlu
    7) (consecutive; without a pause: I've been working for six solid hours.) aralıksız, tam
    2. adverb
    (without interruption; continuously: She was working for six hours solid.) aralıksız olarak
    3. noun
    1) (a substance that is solid: Butter is a solid but milk is a liquid.) katı madde
    2) (a shape that has length, breadth and height.) üç boyutlu biçim
    •
    - solidify
    - solidification
    - solidity
    - solidness
    - solidly
    - solid fuel

    English-Turkish dictionary > solid

  • 14 solid

    ['solid] 1. adjective
    1) (not easily changing shape; not in the form of liquid or gas: Water becomes solid when it freezes; solid substances.) trden
    2) (not hollow: The tyres of the earliest cars were solid.) poln
    3) (firm and strongly made (and therefore sound and reliable): That's a solid piece of furniture; His argument is based on good solid facts/reasoning.) zanesljiv
    4) (completely made of one substance: This bracelet is made of solid gold; We dug till we reached solid rock.) masiven
    5) (without breaks, gaps or flaws: The policemen formed themselves into a solid line; They are solid in their determination to strike.) nepretrgan; neomajen
    6) (having height, breadth and width: A cube is a solid figure.) trden
    7) (consecutive; without a pause: I've been working for six solid hours.) poln
    2. adverb
    (without interruption; continuously: She was working for six hours solid.) nepretrgoma
    3. noun
    1) (a substance that is solid: Butter is a solid but milk is a liquid.) trdna snov
    2) (a shape that has length, breadth and height.) telo
    •
    - solidify
    - solidification
    - solidity
    - solidness
    - solidly
    - solid fuel
    * * *
    I [sɔlid]
    noun
    physics trdno telo; (često plural) trdna, netekoča hrana
    regular solid geometry pravilno telo
    II [sɔlid]
    1.
    adjective ( solidly adverb)
    trden (netekoč); čvrst, soliden, masiven, kompakten, homogen, strnjen; nepretrgan; enoličen; utemeljen, pameten, trezen, tehten, močan; zanesljiv, temeljit; soglasen, enodušen, enobarven; commerce denarno varen, zanesljiv; pristen, pravi, resničen; mathematics tridimenzionalen, kubičen
    for a solid hour — celo (polno, eno) uro
    solid arguments — stvarni, tehtni argumenti
    solid for slang lojalen
    a solid man — resen, pameten človek, a brez kakih izrednih sposobnosti
    solid matter — kovinska ploščica, ki se stavi med vrstice (za večji razmik)
    solid problem mathematics problem, ki se da rešiti z enačbo 3. stopnje
    the solid South American južne države, ki dosledno glasujejo za demokrate
    solid square military formacija enake dolžine in širine
    a solid tyre — polna pnevmatika, guma
    he was talking a solid hour — govoril je nepretrgano celo uro;
    2.
    adverb ( solidly) enodušno, soglasno, odločno

    English-Slovenian dictionary > solid

  • 15 solid

    • tukeva
    • tukevatekoinen
    • jähmeä aine
    • jähmeä
    • juureva
    • jykevä
    • varma
    • vinoviiva
    • eheä
    • ehjä
    • sitkeä
    • solidi
    • täys-
    • täysipitoinen
    • täyteinen
    • täysi
    • täyteläinen
    • umpinainen
    • vakavarainen
    • vakio
    • vakaa
    • vankka
    • yhtenäinen
    • tiivis
    • kappale
    • kauttaviiva
    • kauttaaltaan samaa ainetta
    • kiinteä
    • kiinteä aine
    • kokonainen
    • kankea
    • jäykkä
    • massiivi
    • massiivinen
    • kouraantuntuva
    • kova
    • konsistentti
    • kompakti
    • lujarakenteinen
    • luotettava
    • lujatekoinen
    • luja
    * * *
    'solid 1. adjective
    1) (not easily changing shape; not in the form of liquid or gas: Water becomes solid when it freezes; solid substances.) kiinteä
    2) (not hollow: The tyres of the earliest cars were solid.) umpinainen
    3) (firm and strongly made (and therefore sound and reliable): That's a solid piece of furniture; His argument is based on good solid facts/reasoning.) vankka
    4) (completely made of one substance: This bracelet is made of solid gold; We dug till we reached solid rock.) täysi, umpi-
    5) (without breaks, gaps or flaws: The policemen formed themselves into a solid line; They are solid in their determination to strike.) yhtenäinen
    6) (having height, breadth and width: A cube is a solid figure.) kolmiulotteinen
    7) (consecutive; without a pause: I've been working for six solid hours.) tauoton
    2. adverb
    (without interruption; continuously: She was working for six hours solid.) yhteen menoon
    3. noun
    1) (a substance that is solid: Butter is a solid but milk is a liquid.) kiinteä aine
    2) (a shape that has length, breadth and height.) kolmiulotteinen kappale
    •
    - solidify
    - solidification
    - solidity
    - solidness
    - solidly
    - solid fuel

    English-Finnish dictionary > solid

  • 16 solid

    ['sɔlɪd] 1. adj
    ( not hollow) lity; ( not liquid) stały; (reliable, strong) solidny; ( substantial) advice etc konkretny; ( unbroken) hours etc bity; ( pure) gold etc szczery, czysty
    2. n
    ciało nt stałe
    * * *
    ['solid] 1. adjective
    1) (not easily changing shape; not in the form of liquid or gas: Water becomes solid when it freezes; solid substances.) stały
    2) (not hollow: The tyres of the earliest cars were solid.) lity, pełny
    3) (firm and strongly made (and therefore sound and reliable): That's a solid piece of furniture; His argument is based on good solid facts/reasoning.) solidny
    4) (completely made of one substance: This bracelet is made of solid gold; We dug till we reached solid rock.) jednolity, czysty
    5) (without breaks, gaps or flaws: The policemen formed themselves into a solid line; They are solid in their determination to strike.) zwarty
    6) (having height, breadth and width: A cube is a solid figure.) trójwymiarowy
    7) (consecutive; without a pause: I've been working for six solid hours.) pełne
    2. adverb
    (without interruption; continuously: She was working for six hours solid.) bez przerwy
    3. noun
    1) (a substance that is solid: Butter is a solid but milk is a liquid.) ciało stałe
    2) (a shape that has length, breadth and height.) bryła
    •
    - solidify
    - solidification
    - solidity
    - solidness
    - solidly
    - solid fuel

    English-Polish dictionary > solid

  • 17 solid

    ['solid] 1. adjective
    1) (not easily changing shape; not in the form of liquid or gas: Water becomes solid when it freezes; solid substances.) ciets
    2) (not hollow: The tyres of the earliest cars were solid.) kompakts
    3) (firm and strongly made (and therefore sound and reliable): That's a solid piece of furniture; His argument is based on good solid facts/reasoning.) stingrs; stabils
    4) (completely made of one substance: This bracelet is made of solid gold; We dug till we reached solid rock.) tīrs; bez piemaisījuma
    5) (without breaks, gaps or flaws: The policemen formed themselves into a solid line; They are solid in their determination to strike.) nepārtraukts; saliedēts
    6) (having height, breadth and width: A cube is a solid figure.) kubisks; trīsdimensiju-
    7) (consecutive; without a pause: I've been working for six solid hours.) nepārtraukts
    2. adverb
    (without interruption; continuously: She was working for six hours solid.) nepārtraukti; bez apstājas
    3. noun
    1) (a substance that is solid: Butter is a solid but milk is a liquid.) cieta viela
    2) (a shape that has length, breadth and height.) tīsdimensiju ķermenis
    •
    - solidify
    - solidification
    - solidity
    - solidness
    - solidly
    - solid fuel
    * * *
    cieta viela; ķermenis; cieta barība; ciets; kompakts, blīvs; nepārtraukts; masīvs; pamatots, pārliecinošs; saliedēts, vienprātīgs; bez piemaisījuma, neatšķaidīts; stabils, stingrs; rakstāms kopā; teicams, lielisks; kubisks; vienbalsīgi

    English-Latvian dictionary > solid

  • 18 solid

    ['solid] 1. adjective
    1) (not easily changing shape; not in the form of liquid or gas: Water becomes solid when it freezes; solid substances.) kietas
    2) (not hollow: The tyres of the earliest cars were solid.) vientisas
    3) (firm and strongly made (and therefore sound and reliable): That's a solid piece of furniture; His argument is based on good solid facts/reasoning.) tvirtas
    4) (completely made of one substance: This bracelet is made of solid gold; We dug till we reached solid rock.) grynas
    5) (without breaks, gaps or flaws: The policemen formed themselves into a solid line; They are solid in their determination to strike.) vieningas, vientisas
    6) (having height, breadth and width: A cube is a solid figure.) trijų matmenų
    7) (consecutive; without a pause: I've been working for six solid hours.) ištisas
    2. adverb
    (without interruption; continuously: She was working for six hours solid.) ištisai, be pertraukos
    3. noun
    1) (a substance that is solid: Butter is a solid but milk is a liquid.) kietasis kūnas
    2) (a shape that has length, breadth and height.) trijų matmenų kūnas
    •
    - solidify
    - solidification
    - solidity
    - solidness
    - solidly
    - solid fuel

    English-Lithuanian dictionary > solid

  • 19 solid

    adj. solid, fast; massiv; gedigen; ren, ofylld; stadig; stark, kraftig; grundlig; tredimensionell; sammanhängande; säker, pålitlig
    --------
    n. solid; fast form; bastant mat
    * * *
    ['solid] 1. adjective
    1) (not easily changing shape; not in the form of liquid or gas: Water becomes solid when it freezes; solid substances.) fast
    2) (not hollow: The tyres of the earliest cars were solid.) massiv, solid, helgjuten
    3) (firm and strongly made (and therefore sound and reliable): That's a solid piece of furniture; His argument is based on good solid facts/reasoning.) solid, bastant, pålitlig, hållbar
    4) (completely made of one substance: This bracelet is made of solid gold; We dug till we reached solid rock.) massiv, solid, gedigen, själva []
    5) (without breaks, gaps or flaws: The policemen formed themselves into a solid line; They are solid in their determination to strike.) obruten, heldragen, enhällig
    6) (having height, breadth and width: A cube is a solid figure.) tredimensionell
    7) (consecutive; without a pause: I've been working for six solid hours.) sammanhängande
    2. adverb
    (without interruption; continuously: She was working for six hours solid.) i sträck
    3. noun
    1) (a substance that is solid: Butter is a solid but milk is a liquid.) fast ämne (föda)
    2) (a shape that has length, breadth and height.) tredimensionell figur
    •
    - solidify
    - solidification
    - solidity
    - solidness
    - solidly
    - solid fuel

    English-Swedish dictionary > solid

  • 20 solid

    ['solid] 1. adjective
    1) (not easily changing shape; not in the form of liquid or gas: Water becomes solid when it freezes; solid substances.) pevný
    2) (not hollow: The tyres of the earliest cars were solid.) plný
    3) (firm and strongly made (and therefore sound and reliable): That's a solid piece of furniture; His argument is based on good solid facts/reasoning.) solidní
    4) (completely made of one substance: This bracelet is made of solid gold; We dug till we reached solid rock.) masivní
    5) (without breaks, gaps or flaws: The policemen formed themselves into a solid line; They are solid in their determination to strike.) pevný
    6) (having height, breadth and width: A cube is a solid figure.) pevný
    7) (consecutive; without a pause: I've been working for six solid hours.) plný
    2. adverb
    (without interruption; continuously: She was working for six hours solid.) bez přerušení
    3. noun
    1) (a substance that is solid: Butter is a solid but milk is a liquid.) pevná látka
    2) (a shape that has length, breadth and height.) těleso
    •
    - solidify
    - solidification
    - solidity
    - solidness
    - solidly
    - solid fuel
    * * *
    • tuhý
    • pevný
    • pevná látka
    • spolehlivý
    • těleso
    • solidní
    • čistý

    English-Czech dictionary > solid

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